Physician Knowledge & Competency

Clinical Judgment & Diagnostic Errors

Bowen JL. Education strategies to promote clinical diagnostic reasoning. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(21):2217-25.

Berner ES, Graber ML. Overconfidence as a cause of diagnostic error in medicine. Am J Med. 2008;121(5 Suppl):S2-23.

Fisher ES. Medical care--is more always better? N Engl J Med. 2003;349(17):1665-7.

Mold JW, Stein HF. The cascade effect in the clinical care of patients. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(8):512-4.

Gruppen LD, Frohna AZ. Clinical reasoning. In: Norman GR, van der Vleuten C, Newble D, editors. International handbook of research in medical education. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2002. p. 205-30.

Bordage G. Why did I miss the diagnosis? Some cognitive explanations and educational implications. Acad Med. 1999;74(10 Suppl): S138-43.

Graber ML, Franklin N, Gordon R. Diagnostic error in internal medicine. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(13):1493-9.

Physician Skills Deteriorate Over Time

Choudhry NK, Fletcher RH, Soumerai SB. Systematic review: the relationship between clinical experience and quality of health care. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142(4):260-73.

Audet AM, Doty MM, Shamasdin J, Schoenbaum SC. Measure, learn, and improve: physicians' involvement in quality improvement. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005;24(3):843-53.

Davis DA, Mazmanian PE, Fordis M, Van Harrison R, Thorpe KE, Perrier L. Accuracy of physician self-assessment compared with observed measures of competence: a systematic review. JAMA. 2006;296(9):1094-102.